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We were looking for clarity on several of the carbon equivalents and thus generated our own calculator. Additionally we wanted to be able to look at recycling rates and incorporate that into our carbon footprint.

Kilowatts of electricity in Roanoke Valley using AEP electricity
1.85 lbs CO2/KW ICLEI http://www.iclei.org/
(assuming AEP Roanoke Valley Energy Mix - 88% coal, 10.9% nuclear, 0.8% wind) – Sean McGinnis confirmed this factor using values from EPA: Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustible Sources (http://www.epa.gov/stateply/documents/resources/stationarycombustionguidance.pdf)

mmBtu (natural gas for steam generation) 117 lbs CO2/mmBtu EPA: Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustible Sources (http://www.epa.gov/stateply/documents/resources/stationarycombustionguidance.pdf)
Carbon-14.47 kgC/mmBtu, 53.06 kg CO2/mmBtu, 116.72 lbs CO2/mmBtu
Methane – 4.75 gCH4/mmBtu (methane global warming potential 21) Thus 99.75gCO2/mmBtu = .22lbsCO2/mmBtu
N2O – 0.095 g N2O/mmBtu (N2O global warming potential = 310). Thus 29.45 g CO2/mmBtu = 0.065 lbs CO2/mmBtu
TOTAL = 117 lbs CO2/ mmBtu

Fuel Oil 22.384 lbs CO2/gal Energy Information Administration – Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases. http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/coefficients.html

Propane 12.805 lbs CO2/Gal Energy Information Administration – Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases. http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/coefficients.html

Gasoline 20 lbs CO2/gal EPA: Direct Emissions from Mobil Combustible Sources http://www.epa.gov/stateply/documents/resources/mobilesource_guidance.pdf

Diesel 22 lbs CO2/gal EPA: Direct Emissions from Mobil Combustible Sources http://www.epa.gov/stateply/documents/resources/mobilesource_guidance.pdf

Air Mileage 1.04 lbs CO2/passenger mile Energy Information Administration – Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases. http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/coefficients.html EPA: Direct Emissions from Mobil Combustible Sources (http://www.epa.gov/stateply/documents/resources/mobilesource_guidance.pdf)
21.095 lbs CO2/gal; 2.47 gallons/mile = 52.1 lbs CO2/mile. Assume Industry Average of 50 passengers
Commuting Mileage 0.816 lbs CO2/mile Department of Transportation: Summary of Fueld Economy Standards http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/cafe/docs/Summary-Fuel-Economy-Pref-2004.pdf
Average mpg for cars/trucks 2004 24.5; EPA: 20 lbs CO2/gal
Agriculture 1 Beef cow – 2,283 lbs of CO2
1 Horse – 1161 lbs of CO2
EPA: INVENTORY OF U.S. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND SINKS: 1990-2001
http://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/content/ResourceCenterPublicationsGHGEmissionsUSEmissionsInventory2003.html
Calculations based on Cool Campus Model info derived from EPA source
1 Beef cow – 2,283 lbs of CO2
46.17 kgCh4 = 21 x 46.17 = 969.57 kg CO2 equivalent = 2133 lbs CO2
0.22 Kg N2O = 310 x 0.22 = 68.2 kg CO = 150 lbs CO2

1 Horse – 1161 lbs of CO2
23.66 kg CH4 = 1093 lbs CO2
0.1 kg N2O = 68.2 lbs CO2
Fertilizer Applications 9.55 lbs CO2/lb N EPA: INVENTORY OF U.S. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND SINKS: 1990-2001
http://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/content/ResourceCenterPublicationsGHGEmissionsUSEmissionsInventory2003.html
0.014 kg N2O/lbN = (310 global warming potential) 9.55 lbs CO2/lb N
Landfill Waste with CH4 recovery and flaring 565 lbs CO2/short ton EPA: Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gas Assessment
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/greengas.pdf

Forests Reduced 2000 lbs/acre Duke forestry department estimates
Recycling 1Ton of product Carbon equivalent (TCDE)
Aluminum 4.08
Steel Cans 0.54
Newspaper 0.85
Scrap Iron 0.54
Computers 0.68
Mixed Paper 1.06
Mixed Plastic 0.45
Food Scraps 0.055
Cardboard 0.93
Source: Northeast Recycling Center – environmental http://www.nerc.org/documents/environmental_benefits_calculator.html

Using a carbon calculator developed by Renee Godard based on data from a variety of governmental sources, we calculated a greenhouse gas emissions inventory for the Hollins University Campus for the past 5 years (02/03 – 06/07). Each annual carbon footprint combines greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity, on-campus generation of steam and chilled water, commuting, air travel, waste generation, and agriculture.
There are several different gases that contribute to global warming including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), fluorocarbons, and nitrous oxides (NOx). The carbon calculator we used evaluates all greenhouse gases that are produced while providing a combined output score in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (TCDE). In this report, we include only the TCDE values as it provides a singular measure of greenhouse gas emissions from each sector

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We utilized data from the 06/07 academic year in order to estimate the fossil fuel consumption used in the commutes of off-campus students, faculty and staff to Hollins. One-way mileage was calculated for each of the 98 commuting students, 86 faculty members, and 171 staff members by calculating the average driving distance between the origin zip code and the Hollins zip code (24020) for each individual. We assumed that each student made 3 round trips per week during both semesters for a total of 78 round trips/student/academic year. We assumed that faculty members commuted to the campus 175 days/year while the staff members were assumed to commute 240 days/year. For all commuters, we assumed that they drove alone and made only one trip per day. We also used an average of 24.4 miles per gallon for each commuter and assumed for each gallon of gas 20 lbs of CO2 was released

We included air travel for short term trips as well as air travel from the president’s office, development, admissions, and faculty travel/research grants in the calculation of university air travel. For each short term course that involved air travel, we calculated the number of air miles between the Roanoke airport and the airport of destination for each academic year between 02/03 and 06/07. We then generated total air mileage for each short term course based on enrollment. However, we were only able to collect accurate data on air travel from the President’s Office, Development, and Admissions for the 05/06 academic year. Similarly, we were only able to collect accurate air travel data from faculty travel grants during the 06/07 academic year.
Calculating carbon output from air travel is difficult as output depends on age of aircraft, load, windspeed and direction, as well as other factors. We assumed 1.04 lbs CO2/passenger mile based on variables described in the appendix. Other models and carbon offset organizations use values from (0.45-1.8 lbs CO2/passenger).

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Calculations from the Duke Forestry program estimate that 1 acre of forest can absorb 1 metric ton of carbon annually (personal communication). We assumed our forests were more similar to those in NC in their structure and function than more general published data.

No information provided